Which of the following is NOT an essential phase in a FOSSE change management process?

• A. Initiation/Request
• B. Coding
• C. Impact Assessment
• D. Approval

Answer: (B)

The concept being tested is which activities belong to governance and planning in a change management process. In a FOSSE change management flow, you start with an Initiation/Request to capture the need, then you perform an Impact Assessment to understand risks, scope, and affected components, and you obtain Approval to authorize the change before moving forward. Coding, on the other hand, is the actual development work that implements the change. It happens after the change has been reviewed and approved, within the build/development phase, not during the change governance steps. So Coding is not an essential phase of change management, making it the best answer. Initiation/Request, Impact Assessment, and Approval are all core governance activities that ensure the change is needed, understood, and authorized before any development proceeds.